Factors influencing the range of electric commercial vehicles (up to 5.5 t)
The range of electric commercial vehicles is a central topic for many companies that rely on sustainable transport solutions. But what is the real range of an electric commercial vehicle? While manufacturers often state impressive values, these are usually based on WLTP calculations. These standardized test cycles provide a standardized range under ideal conditions, but this is often not achieved in practice.
For this reason, Flux Mobility, for example, communicates a real range of 320 km, which can be achieved under everyday conditions.
There are various factors that influence the range of electric commercial vehicles (up to 5.5 t), as well as ways to optimize them.
The battery capacity is arguably the most decisive factor when it comes to the range of an electric commercial vehicle. The basic principle is: the larger the battery, the greater the range. This is because a larger battery can store more electrical energy, which leads to a longer driving distance.
For example, a vehicle with a battery capacity of 110 kWh can cover significantly longer distances than a vehicle with a 60 kWh battery. However, larger batteries also increase the vehicle weight and costs, which must be taken into account during planning.
The weight of the payload has a direct impact on energy consumption and thus on the range. A higher total weight requires more energy to keep the vehicle moving. If your electric commercial vehicle regularly transports high payloads, this can noticeably reduce the range. In order to still be able to cover long distances, it is advisable to choose a correspondingly larger battery.
The route profile also plays an important role in the range. Hilly terrain with large differences in altitude requires more energy from the vehicle, especially when driving uphill. However, when driving downhill, some of this energy can be fed back into the battery through recuperation – the recovery of energy. Flat routes with a constant speed, on the other hand, enable more efficient use.
A defensive, anticipatory driving style can significantly reduce energy consumption. By adhering to the speed limit and gentle acceleration and braking maneuvers, range can be maximized, including through recuperation. A sporty driving style with frequent, heavy acceleration and abrupt braking, on the other hand, reduces the range considerably.
At low temperatures, the efficiency of the battery decreases because chemical processes in the battery are slowed down. This leads to a shorter range, similar to what you may know from your smartphone.
High temperatures can also affect the range, as convenience consumers such as air conditioning require more energy to cool the interior to a comfortable temperature.
Another factor influencing the range is the use of electric auxiliary power take-offs (ePTOs), as used in commercial vehicles for special bodies or equipment. Since these drives draw energy directly from the vehicle battery, the vehicle's available range is reduced each time the auxiliary drive is used. This should be taken into account when selecting the vehicle, and the route should be planned accordingly.
The actual range of an electric commercial vehicle can be influenced by a variety of factors. It is important to be aware of these factors and take them into account when planning operations. By specifically selecting the battery size, adopting a conscious driving style and taking weather and route conditions into account, you can optimize the range and thus make the operation of your electric commercial vehicle efficient.
